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content and 480 and 510 nm for carotenoid content. The pigment contents of leaves extracted were
calculated using formulae:

Total chlorophyll (mg/g fw) = {20.2 (OD645) + 8.02 (OD663)} ×

Carotenoid (mg/g fw) = {7.6 (OD480) - 1.49 (OD510)} ×

Where, OD645, OD663, OD480, OD510 = Optical densities at 645nm, 663nm, 480nm and 510nm

wavelength respectively
V= Volume of extract

W= Mass of leaf tissues
d= Length of light path (=1.4cm)
Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 16.0 for Window (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). One way

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was calculated through DMRT to determine significant difference
between the treatments at p<0.05 level of significance.

3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Induced mutagenesis facilitates in raising genetic makeup for crop amelioration by inducing micro
and macro mutations for various agronomic traits that being exploited in other breeding techniques.
Over several past decades, various workers used induced mutagenesis technique to enhance genetic

variability in various crops viz., Vigna mungo (Goyal and Khan, 2010), Psoralea corylifolia (Bhat et
al., 2012), Lens culinaris (Amin et al., 2015; Shahwar et al., 2020) and, Cicer arietinum (Barshile,

2015).
Seed Germination, Plant Survival and Pollen Fertility
In present investigation, where seeds were subjected to 18 hrs presoaking and 12 hrs EMS treatment,

result of data analysis reveals that it significantly reduced seed germination (%), plant survival (%)
and pollen fertility (%) (Graph-1). The seed germination was reported maximum in control i.e., 93%

which decreases from 81% in 0.02% EMS to 48% in 0.10% EMS. Similar result was observed by
Khan et al., (2009) in Eruca sativa, Khursheed et al., (2014) in Hordeum vulgare and, Ali et al.,
(2014) in Vigna mungo. Reduction in seed germination may be resulted due to delay or inhibition in

various physiological and biological processes like enzyme production (Kumar, 2005), and inhibition
of mitotic process (Ananthaswmy et al., 1971). The germination inhibition resultantly increases from
12.90% to 48.39% in treated population (Graph-2). Plant survival was also reported maximum in

control i.e., 94.62% which decreased from 83.95% to 52.08% in 0.02% EMS to 0.10% EMS
respectively. Highest pollen fertility was recorded in control i.e., 92.68% and it decreased from
82.32% to 49.16% in 0.02% EMS to 0.10% EMS respectively. Negative impact of mutagens on

pollen fertility (%) is may be due to meiotic aberrations caused by mutagens resulting in the formation
of anomalous pollen grains (Rana and Swaminathan, 1964). Resultantly, relative reduction in pollen

fertility gets increased from 11.18% in 0.02% EMS to 46.96% in 0.10% EMS (Graph-3).
Quantitative Traits

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